Institute for Economics of Natural Resources and Climate Change

Publications

• Morozkina A., Grigoryev L. M., Gaspardo M. et al.

  The Multilateralism of the New Development Bank on the Sustainable Economic Growth in BRICS Nations and Beyond

  With recent transformations in the International Order signaling trends toward changes in the various dimensions of power, it is important to reflect on the initiatives of the BRICS grouping, with their challenges and potential. In this context, the functioning of the New Development Bank (NDB), often referred to as the BRICS Bank, needs to be analyzed as one of the central elements of the new trends in multilateralism. Edited by Ndivhuho Tshikovhi, Fulufhelo Netswera, Jiejin Zhu, Bruno De Conti, Rajeev Sijariya, and Maria Apanovich, the book “The Multilateralism of the New Development Bank on the Sustainable Economic Growth in BRICS Nations and Beyond” presents discussions dedicated to unraveling the complex elements of the NDB.

  Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2025.

• Kharina O., Strelnikova I.

  Арктическая повестка Китая и перспективы сотрудничества Китая и России в Арктике

  This article focuses on the cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic region. The aim of this study is to examine China’s current and prospective policies in the Arctic, as well as the potential for Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic following the onset of the special military operation in Ukraine, with an emphasis on economic and geopolitical factors. Since the beginning of the special military operation in 2022, the structure of international relations has undergone rapid transformation. These changes have also impacted the Arctic region. The deterioration of Russia’s relations with the West, along with Russia’s withdrawal from the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) in the fall of 2023, laid the groundwork for Russia’s so-called Arctic pivot to the East. This Arctic pivot has primarily benefitted China, which has been steadily increasing its involvement in Arctic affairs over the past three decades. China and Russia have similar security interests in the matter of expansion of NATO’s presence in polar nations. Furthermore, China relies on Russia to safeguard its energy interests, while Russia reciprocally attracts investment from China. Despite the relatively low conversion rate of China’s B&R initiative in Russia, the collaboration between these two major powers China and Russia has emerged as an inexorable trajectory, and is likely to shape the economic and geopolitical landscape of the region in the coming years.

  Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies. 2026. No. 18 (1). P. 233-242.

• Makarov I. A., Chistikova A.

  Climate change and national security in Russia

  This chapter describes climate security discourse and practices developing in Russia for the last decade. It reveals that, while Russia faces severe physical risks from climate change, climate change is scarcely perceived as an existential threat among key decision-makers and the population. The country’s climate policies are more focused on adaptation, while its mitigation policy framework is more oriented on helping Russian businesses avoid hurdles on foreign markets, not on significantly cutting emissions. This situation reflects a parallel securitization process, wherein the global green transition is regarded as a threat to Russia’s fossil fuel-dependent economy. These economic considerations, coupled with climate change skepticism and narratives that emphasize the benefits of climate change, have led to the perception of the green transition as a “climate agenda,” i.e., a temporary process imposed on Russia externally. Internationally, Russia opposes the inclusion of climate change in the global security agenda. The chapter concludes that Russia’s climate policy is an outcome of this complex interplay of the two threats, and is characterized by high emphasis on adaptation but little motivation to enhance ambition on mitigation, and by sensitivity to the external political environment and to the remaining interest of certain businesses in voluntary climate efforts.

  In bk.: Climate Change, National Security and Geopolitics: Strategies and Responses of Five Major Powers. NY: Routledge, 2026. Ch. 5. P. 82-102.

• Stepanov I. A., Albrecht J.

  Decarbonization and Energy Policy Instruments in the EU: Does Carbon Pricing Prevail?

  The issue of instrument choice is vital for climate policy. Carbon pricing is used next to a range of traditional energy taxes and renewable energy policies such as feed-in tariffs and minimal renewable generation targets. Several countries introduced carbon taxes alongside existing energy taxes such as excise duties on vehicle fuels. Since 2005, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has attached a direct price to the GHG emissions of ETS companies. The combination of multiple instruments and explicit and indirect carbon price signals created a complex and frequently changing institutional landscape that blurs the contribution of each policy instrument. Can the decarbonization of the European economy be attributed to carbon price instruments or to renewable energy policies together with other fiscal instruments? This paper clarifies the relative impact of explicit carbon price instruments (carbon taxes and EU ETS) compared to other instruments, namely renewable energy policies and indirect carbon price signals (general energy taxes). The methodology is based on the calculation of the implicit carbon price in existing fiscal systems. On the basis of panel data for 30 European countries 1995–2016, several fixed-effect regression estimations were performed. The results indicate a greater but decreasing impact of price instruments on carbon intensity compared to renewable energy policies and a greater but decreasing relative impact of indirect price signals compared to explicit ones.

  Economics. EC. Высшая школа экономики, 2019. No. 211.